Iraq or its capital of Baghdad was not accustomed to “freedom”

â€Å"For, in truth, there is no certain method of holding by some other means than obliterating, and whoever becomes ace of a City familiar with live in opportunity and doesn't decimate it, might figure on being wrecked by it† (Machiavelli: 11).â â€Å"Hence we may get familiar with the exercise that on holding onto an express, the usurper should make scramble to incur what wounds he should, at a stroke, that he might not need to restore them every day, except be capable by their cessation to console men’s minds, and a while later success them over by benefits†Ã¢ (23). While it can barely be contended that Iraq or its capital of Baghdad, which mirrors the divisions of Iraq, was acquainted with â€Å"freedom† before the American attack, it in any event delighted in opportunity from outside occupation.â The above statement is applicable to the American involvement with Iraq in light of the fact that, according to the inability to obliterate the foe in the initial phases of the war, the American strategic in genuine danger of being pulverized by that very adversary, years subsequent to taking ostensible â€Å"control† over Iraq. An inability to assuage unsettled Sunni places, for example, Fallujah, Ramadi, and Mosul during or following the underlying intrusion, an inability to â€Å"destroy† in Machiavelli’s speech, left the American occupation armed forces among its foes instead of triumphant over them.â This carelessness, and the ability to sidestep focuses of opposition on the drive to Baghdad as opposed to stifle them, drove straightforwardly to the following phase of disappointment, and the following bit of pertinent exhortation from The Prince. â€Å"If, in any case, the recently gained City or Province has been acquainted with live under a Prince, and his line is quenched, it will be inconceivable for the residents, utilized, from one perspective, to comply, and denied, on the other, of their old ruler, to consent to pick a pioneer from among themselves†Ã¢ (11-12). The Prince in this situation, obviously, is Saddam Hussein; Hussein’s â€Å"line† was both natural, as his children Uday and Qusay, and political, as the merciless and splendidly composed Ba’ath Party.â The United States readily wrecked the heart, cerebrum, and operational hub of the Iraqi state and accompanied no serviceable arrangement to supplant them.â It ought to barely have come as any shock, remembering the entirety of this, that the Iraqi individuals have been not able to go to any kind of accord on what structure their new government ought to take.â The whole bet of the Iraq War, from the point of view of the Bush organization, relied on the expectation that Machiavelli wasn't right, the expectation that residents denied of an incredible ruler would have the option to quietly pick another pioneer from among themselves. A further disappointment of the American venture in Iraq has been the failure to ingrain a feeling of faithfulness for the new Iraqi government and armed force among a minimum amount of the Iraqi people.â Loyalty ought not be taken to suggest fondness, yet simply regard and deference.â Employing truly severe techniques, Saddam Hussein gathered a specific feeling of â€Å"loyalty† from the Iraqi people.â The new Iraq government, in any case, isn't perceived by most Iraqis as the real or capable portrayal of the Iraqi state; rather, a large number of civilian armies and radical gatherings order unmistakably more steadfastness in the city than do the national establishments supported and bolstered by the United States. The primary guideline of any administration, fair or not, is the standard of â€Å"one gun†.â as it were, the state must be seen to be the main genuine manager of violence.â That is most emphatically not the situation in post-intrusion Iraq.â As Machiavelli composed, â€Å"a shrewd Prince should devise implies whereby his subjects may consistently, regardless of whether good or antagonistic, feel the need of the State and of him, and afterward they will consistently be dedicated to him†Ã¢ (26). The authenticity and the resilience of the Iraqi government is the most significant factor of the American crucial Iraq, since the rise of a straightforwardly hostile to American government would break up any hypothetical profit by the first invasion.â The difficulty is that a self-sustaining cycle is busy working; the Iraqi government likely can't make due without American military assurance, yet that very insurance guarantees that the Iraqi government will never be really real according to its citizens.â â€Å"Mercenaries and helpers are immediately futile and hazardous, and he who holds his State by methods for soldier of fortune troops can never be positively or safely seated†Ã¢ (31). In a nation as partitioned by tribe and ethnicity and strict organization as Iraq may be, an attacking armed force must have a strong evaluation of what bunches it must include as partners so as to adequately administer the country.â Several of the choices taken by the American proconsul, Jerry Bremer, suggest that this examination was either never made or was appallingly botched.  Two such choices come to mind.â Firstly, the Iraqi armed force was disbanded and its warriors and officials were sent home with no method of supporting their families however with their weapons.â Secondly, the Ba’ath Party was disintegrated, and a monstrous extent of its individuals were avoided from significant investment in the new Iraq. Because of the idea of the Iraqi military, particularly its official corps, and the Ba’ath party, these choices viably made foes of the Sunni minority in Iraq, which incorporated the most militarily skilled, technocratic, taught, mainstream, and Western-situated components of the society.â The very Iraqis, as it were, who could bring either the best damage or the best guide to the American occupation.â â€Å"As Princes can't circumvent being despised by a few, they should, in any case, attempt not to be detested by a class; flopping in which, they should do everything they can to get away from the disdain of that class which is the stronger†Ã¢ (51). Subsequent to excusing the Iraqi armed force, and along these lines mortifying an enormous segment of the populace, it became obvious that the American occupation would never prevail without an Iraqi armed force, as there were not almost enough American fighters to mollify Iraq.â The Americans accordingly started preparing and equipping another Iraqi armed force, however the harm had been done.â By excusing the closest thing to a genuinely â€Å"national† foundation in Ba’athist Iraq, the Americans demonstrated their doubt of the Iraqi people.â It was in this manner inescapable that the new, American-upheld Iraqi armed force would be corrupted as occupation partners by the populace and once in a while as radical associates by the Americans. Most specialists currently point to the choice to disband the Iraqi armed force without pay and with weapons was the single greatest goof that the United States settled on in Iraq.â This single choice immediately made a huge class of mortified, devastated, inactive, and outfitted youngsters, which basically ensured the rise of an insurgency.â â€Å"By incapacitating, you on the double provider offense, since you show your subjects that you doubt them, either as questioning their fortitude, or as questioning their loyalty, every one of which ascriptions brings forth contempt against you†Ã¢ (56). It appears to be stunning now, yet it is imperative to take note of that there was no uprising in the early months of the American occupation; it appears to be since the Iraqi individuals were allowing the Americans to clarify their actual thought processes and intentions.â One marvels what may have happened had the Iraqi armed force been called upon by the American armed force to consolidate in modifying and making sure about Iraq, an objective that the two gatherings shared.â One miracles what may have happened had a large number of mid-level Ba’athist technocrats been permitted to keep their employments, for example, running electrical frameworks, medical clinics, and water cleansing plants.â One ponders to be sure. The above statements and models are generally varieties of one binding together subject; the American mistakes in Iraq have been driven by an inability to perceive its regular partners, to acquire the development of normal adversaries, and to win the trust and dependability of the nearby population.â Each of these necessities was verbalized in The Prince, and one marvels if George W. Shrubbery and Donald Rumsfeld ever perused the book. Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolo.â The Prince.â New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1992.

Perform a rhetorical analysis of a work of your choosing Essay - 3

Play out a logical examination of a work based on your personal preference - Essay Example who plan on getting hitched to appreciate their marriage instead of their big day, yet a quick look of the article only gives the impression of a comic attempting to make the crowd snicker by relating an individual story. By utilizing casual language, fitting lingual authority, exclamatory sentences, sentence length, and powerful interests, Winchell has effectively passed on the message she looked to communicate: weddings are not relationships themselves; they are simply prefaces to what ought to really be given significance. April Winchell, by relating the encounters of her own wedding directly toward the start, spreads out her believability for composing a wedding related article. She was likewise a lady of the hour once thus she is able to expound on weddings and the sentiments of the ladies, the ladies to-be being the target group: perceiving how the name of the site where the article was distributed is brides.com, it is everything except normal to expect that the planned objective crowd is ladies to-be. In this manner, there is no uncertainty that, logically, this article is sound with regards to ethos. Winchell typically turns to casual language, falling back on slang too at times, as she isn't meaning to keep in touch with an academic crowd. Her intended interest group is comprised of individuals (or ladies) who originate from normal families in America, and who are progressively happy with utilizing slang or, at any rate, speaking casually. Also, the utilization of casual language by Winchell is very compelling in that through its utilization Winchell has abstained from sounding too â€Å"preachy† despite the fact that the principle target of her article is to offer guidance. The style and tone of the piece falls off exceptionally easygoing and loose, as Winchell has decided to write in vernacular, take this extract from the article, for instance, in which she is portraying her dress â€Å"I don’t review where I got the dress, however I’ll consistently have the memory of how butt-monstrous it was.† It is extremely obvious here that not exclusively is Winchell utilizing vernacular

Mail Server Example

Mail Server Example Mail Server â€" Essay Example > The Internet Message Access Protocol, Version 4 (IMAP4) and Post Office Protocol, Version 3 (POP3), are open Internet standards for retrieving mail from a server. WithIMAP4 and POP3, any messaging client software can connect with any messagingserver. These standards are independent of client and server platforms andoperating systems. For example, UNIX client can receive mail from a Macintoshclient through a Windows NT-based messaging server. When a POP3 client accesses the messaging server, the messages are downloadedfrom the server to the client machine. This essentially splits the message storebetween the server and client. This minimizes connection time, but limits mailaccessibility to one client machine where the messages are stored after beingdownloaded. IMAP4 provides an alternative to POP3 by storing messages and folders on theserver where they can be accessed from any machine using an IMAP4-compliantclient. The user has complete control over managing and organizing the mes sageson the server. With POP3, users can keep messages on the server, but they cannotmanage or organize them on the server. IMAP4 users also have the option ofdownloading folders to their machines so they can view messages offline. If theydelete or move messages while offline, the changes are synchronized with theserver when they reconnect. Mail Server System OverviewMail Server has three main components that you can put together in almost anyconfiguration to design your system. These components are: Nodes A node is a unit of mail Server installation that includes amessaging store database instance and server processes. You can choose to have one or more nodes, depending on how manyusers you must support and the physical locations of thoseusers. Multiple nodes generally exist on separate hostmachines, although they can be installed on the same host. Domains A domain is a logical grouping of directory information, suchas users, with centralized administrative access through aconfig uration node. Domains define how directoryinformation is made available to nodes. You can also usedomains to support multiple Internet domain names, such asacme. com and acme-pro. com. If you only have one node, youcan choose to have only one domain, or you can set upmultiple domains on the node. If you have multiple nodes, you can have one or more domains that include one or moreNodes. Communities A community is a physical grouping of nodes where a directSQLnet connection is available between every pair of nodes. Communities define how nodes communicate with each otherthrough networking protocols like TCP/IP. If you only haveone node, you will only have one community. If you havemultiple nodes, you only need one community unless theyuse different networking protocols. Server Processes Handle Messages in the SystemMail Server uses the following types of processes: n Messaging server processes which perform the basic Email Server functions. n Protocol server processes which route me ssages to clients using the specifiedprotocol(s). n LDAP server processes which handle the synchronization of data between the

Political Ideology And The Public Policies - 1527 Words

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Conservatism can be seen as a political philosophy that values order in society more than individual liberty, with the bes t interest of society as a whole in mind. Traditional conservatism promotes and emphasizes traditional beliefs and customs of social institutions in relation to culture and religion, and is opposed to radical change, so there is a preference for the existing order in society. Modern conservatism is less opposed to change, and is more ideological. Conservatives are opposed to government public policies that promote egalitarianism, social welfare, the due process model of justice, and theShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Political Polarization1025 Words   |  5 Pagesto how or why political polarization was formed, and the impact it has on government in modern day. Polarization has varied significantly over the years ever since the 1970’s. However, what is the true cause and can it be explained? 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Good and Evil in Othello - 705 Words

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Ryanair Case Study Free Essays

Nova School of Business and Economics 2012/2013 DOGFIGHT OVER EUROPE: RYANAIR Case Study This set of questions refers to Version (A): 1. Which kind of customers was Ryanair trying to attract when, in 1999, Michael O’Leary took charge of the firm? Those with a low price elasticity of demand or those with a high price elasticity of demand? Explain. Considering that we are talking about the same product, in an industry with many firms, where producers and consumers know all quoted prices and where the consumers can identify the product as homogeneous, it is fair to say that we are talking about a scenario close to perfect competition, thus demand for the product is very elastic. We will write a custom essay sample on Ryanair Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, Ryanair is trying to attract high price elasticity customers. Accordingly to the article: Ryanair marketed itself as â€Å"the low fares airline†; before open new routes, the company cared about low landing fees, low turnaround costs in order to be able to charge low fares to customers; it made agreements with secondary airports, where they did not pays fees (in fact those airports paid to Ryanair to use their locales); it tried that 70% of the available seats in the two lowest fare categories; it made fewer restrictions on its tickets (important for who had extra bags, or who wants to change the flights in order to pay less); it observe competitors, so it would be able to apply a lower fare; its customers were a mix of leisure travelers (70-75%) and business travelers, mostly from small and mid-sized businesses (25-30%). ifferences in airfares could persuade some leisure travelers to visit one destination rather than another; it has chosen the cost leadership so it seeks to be the lowest cost producer in Europe by selling standardized, mass products and Ryanair’s profit maximization was through lower fares in order to attract more customers contrarily to competitors where they maximize their profits through find opportunities to increase fares without losing customers. So accordingly to the customers with a high PED (price elasticity demand) following the formula (Q/P) x (P/Q): a little negative variation in prices (decrease in fares), will originate a big positive variation in the amount sold. 2. Why was cost cutting so essential for the strategy chosen? First of all it is important to refer that in 1991, Ryanair was facing a bankruptcy. In response, ‘the company removed all frills from its service, cut its costs to the bone, and dropped its fares to levels unheard of in Europe’. It became priority, to connect all the efforts to preserve and generate cash. Company’s main concern was charge lower fares in order to attract high elasticity price demand customers, with this new strategy, the company became low-cost or low-fare airlines and to maintain it within these measures the firm needed to adapt its strategy to new restrictions, which means, cost cutting. The flag airline faced a really competitive market (in 1999), and to keep competitive the firm had to keep its strategy, and for that was necessary cost cutting. Cost cutting, if it is efficiently done, brings more profits. Besides, using the model used in classes, â€Å"Bertrand – Asymmetric Model† where it says that if certain firm charges ‘P1’ for its product, and other firm charges ‘P1-e’ (because it is able to reduce its marginal cost), so the second firm will get all the demand. Well, Ryanair did not get all the demand, but is observable in ‘Exhibit 4’ that the company carried approximately 60% (353/575) and 56% (180/321) of the passengers on the route ‘Dublin-Manchester’ and the route ‘Dublin-Glasgow’ respectively. 3. Ryanair uses a performance-based pay scheme to compensate its flight attendants. Why? A performance-based payment scheme combines the interests of both flight attendants and the company. This happens because obviously, the flag airline will gain more if the attendants are working efficiently (making an effort to sell the snacks, drinks, or whatever they have on board; being nice with the passengers, and h elp them as much they can), then if they are lazy during work. If a salesperson receives a fixed wage, no matter how much it sells, then he or she will not have any incentive to sell more than the expected. But, of course, if they receive an extra commission for each sale, then the salesperson will do the effort that it maximizes its utility. By having a higher effort, the workers have a higher payoff which maximizes its utility. A sector payment or an in-flight sales commission allowed flight attendants to earn 10% more than those from competitors and allowed the firm to fly to 50% more sectors than its rivals. Consequently, a higher number of flights increase the profits of Ryanair. The company’s rapid growth permitted job mobility, for instance, a flight attendant could take a job at the yield operations management on the headquarters; job mobility was a solution for the company to avoid coordination problems. 4. Why wasn’t this performance scheme also offered to maintenance personnel? The majority of European airlines pay their employees based on the length of their tenure with the company. However, Ryanair only applied this to their maintenance and engineering personnel. As a company obsessed with cash, the most important part of the business was the operational part, the one which actually gave money to the company: flights and duty-free revenues. So, this was the only personnel where it was justifiable to apply a performance-based pay scheme. Engineering and maintenance were paid based on their formal qualifications: more qualified personnel would do the job more accurately. Maintenance personnel only represented 9,34% of the total employees as of March 31, 1999. Besides the company concerns about security: let’s say that if they receive a fee for each plane that is ‘fixed’, they will want to fix the maximum planes, as fast as possible, and that may not be the best for the passenger’s security. It’s more important to seek personal with higher qualification, and pay them a reasonable (but fixed) salary, because this is kind of business where mistakes cannot happen, and so, the personnel has to be focus in its work, and not in the ‘extra money’. 5. Can you suggest means of rewarding maintenance personnel that would induce high productivity without hindering Ryanair’s strategy? Ryanair’s strategy is keep low fares so it will be able to keep â€Å"fiercely competitive† and â€Å"ferociously cost conscious†, which implies, minimize costs (everywhere where it is possible), so increase their salaries would hurt the company’s strategy. Given this, it would be a good idea to search for some ‘non-monetary’ alternatives. First of all give them some lectures about how important is to do a good maintenance of the aircraft, aware them that a single mistake can be fatal for hundreds of people (unless they are murderers or mentally sick people they will get alert! ). They can make promises to them in the long-run like if there are no mistakes, Ryanair’s credibility increases, and that will attract more passengers, which means more revenues, which means they can increase wages (and keep the same profit). Monitoring them is a good way of keep the high productivity, this measure leads to an increase in veracity of the employee’s reports, in other words, if an employee knows that he or she is being watched, then it will for sure do a better job. The creation of bureaucracy that implies the creation of rules in order to limit the employee’s actions, these rules can be benefit for the maintenance workers, for example, the creation of a rule that says it is mandatory to do a 15 minutes break, every two hours. 6. What are the likely consequences for Ryanair of a steep decrease in the price of jet fuel brought about by a significant decline in the price of oil? Consider both the direct and the strategic effect. All the airline companies are strategic complements, which mean that if one firm takes one action, the others will respond with aggressively actions (upward sloping). And they exhibit tough commitment, in other words, is a commitment that is going to have an adverse effect on the competitors. In Bertrand (this case), the company makes a tough commitment, no matter how much its rival changes the price, the firm’s price will be lower than it would have been if there were no commitment. The companies make tough commitment to avoid that new entrants increase the price competition. Given this, we built the following graph: The red line stands for direct effect and the blue line stands for substitution effect. The direct effect is the commitment’s impact on the present value of the firm’s profits, assuming that the competitors’ behavior does not change. Applying to the case is basically the profits that all the others airline companies would earn if Ryanair would not decrease its prices as well (point 1 to point 2). The substitution effect takes into account the competitive side effects of the commitment, this means, how much does the tactical decisions of the rivals change, under the commitment conditions. Basically is the adjustment made by Ryanair after the competitors decrease their prices (point 2 to point 3). Decline in the price of oil, brings a decrease in the price of jet fuel. With this shock, all the airline companies will decrease their prices, P1*’. As it was said before, Ryanair always observes its competitors, and then make its move, so they will decrease their tickets’ prices even more, P2*’(one of the principals of tough commitment). As it says in exhibit 2, ‘fuel ; oil’ constitutes approximately 16% of its costs (6. 0/37. ), so despite it is not visible on the graph (due to lack of data related to prices), the prices of the flight’s tickets will decrease considerable, because (repeat) this is a really competitive market, and the airline companies find themselves in a tough commitment, that it will originate a decline even bigger that the one it would happen without though commitment. It is important to refer that the company’s product has a low-level of horizontal differentiation because the difference between the products of each one of the companies is based on the quality in the in-flight zone. And there are tons of people who simply do not care about that. For those ones, their only concern is to get to their destination. 7. What are the most serious threats that Ryanair faces? Explain your perspective. Europe Union’s measure â€Å"Under the package, carriers were given full freedom to set fares. Any company was allowed to start an airline provided that it had majority European ownership, adequate financial backing, and the ability to meet safety requirements. The package permitted any European airline to fly any route between two EU countries and, starting in 1997, any intra-country route between two European cities. † This measure means no patents’ system, which means that as long as there is positive profit, other companies will enter in the market. Without proper cautions this may lead to perfect competition, where the companies will lower their prices until it equals the marginal cost, which implies that the profit will be zero. Even worse than that is if Ryanair adheres to a new technology (in order to decrease its marginal cost), and if we are in a situation where the other companies can copy and use the technology discovered by Ryanair, the company will have negative profits. Contrarily if the competitors are able to decrease its marginal cost, and the antitrust agencies that may lead to monopoly (if there is a patented system that says that is illegal to copy and use technology of others firms). Possible merges by competitors, which would increase their market share. For example, in 2002, easyJet purchased Go for ? 374m. Ryanair may face laws taken by the antitrust agencies that may limit its actions, for example the use of ‘dumping’ strategy (‘monopolistic strategy’ where the firm sells its products below their production cost in order to eliminate competition, and when it occurs, the firm increase its prices again). Ryanair has faced aggressive marketing campaigns and charity efforts by Virgin Express, subcontracts and reliability on third parties (lower costs), total direct selling and a very informal environment by easyJet, predatory pricing by British Airways’ Go and in-flight entertainment and comfort by Debonair. The last one went bankrupt but all the others provide serious competition to Ryanair despite not achieving the profitable results desired. How to cite Ryanair Case Study, Free Case study samples

The Scream Essays - Edvard Munch, The Scream, Anxiety, Screaming

The Scream Edvard Munch's "The Scream" was painted in the end of the 19th century, and is possibly the first Expressionist painting. The Scream was very different from the art of the time, when many artists tried to depict objective reality. Munch was a tortured soul, and it certainly showed in this painting. Most of his family had died, and he was often plagued by sickness. The Scream was not a reflection of what was going on at the time, but rather, Munch's own inner hell. It visualizes a desperate aspect of fin-de-si?cle: anxiety and apocalypse. The percussiveness of the motif shows that it also speaks to our day and age ( Whaley 75 ). When Edvard Much was asked what had inspired him to do this painting, he replied, "One evening I was walking along a path, the city on one side of me and the fjord below. I felt tired and ill. I stopped and looked out across the fjord. The sun was setting, the clouds were turning blood red. I felt a scream passing through nature. It seemed to me that I could hear the scream. I painted this picture; painted the clouds as real blood. The colors screamed" (Preble 52). Some people, when they look at this painting, only see a person screaming. They see the pretty blend of colors, but don't actually realize what they are looking at. A lone emaciated figure halts on a bridge clutching his ears, his eyes and mouth open wide in a scream of anguish. Behind him a couple (his two friends) are walking together in the opposite direction. Barely discernible in the swirling motion of a red-blood sunset and deep blue-black fjord, are tiny boats at sea, and the suggestion of town buildings ( Preble 53). This painting was definately the first of its kind, the first Expressionist painting. People say that a picture is worth a thousand words. If that's the case, then "The Scream" is worth a million. It has a message that no other painting of its time had. Edvard Munch was pouring out his soul onto the canvas. What we see here, is a glimpse of what Munch was really like inside. When we really look at the painting, we understand what the artist was feeling at the time, because it captures nothing but human emotion. It creates a similar mood in us for a brief moment. The man screaming in the picture seems to feel like he's going insane, and that the world is getting to be too much for him. The two people walking away from him possibly mean that the man feels left out of everything, or that he doesn't fit in with the rest of the world. Maybe he needs help, and his friends weren't there for him. The piece of artwork speaks better than actual words to describe it, which makes it something spectacular. Long after Munch died, the painting remains, and people are still amazed with it. Why? Because art is all about expressing raw human emotion, and this painting captures it perfectly. People are scared of things they don't understand or cannot relate to. Everyone can relate to what this piece expresses, and that is why it's so popular. Bibliography Birren, Faber. History of Color Painting: New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1965. Preble, Hans Peter. Expressionism. Trans. Mary Whittall. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972. Whaley, Doug. Edvard Munch- Father of Expressionism: A Study In Existential Philosophy. New York: Anchor Books, 1973.